Suchergebnisse

Context of corporate crime, the principle of proportionality places position that in accordance with provisions in Article 1365 of Civil Code, an act against law in civil law must contain following elements: 1. The existence of an act; 2. The act is against law; 3. There is an error on part of perpetrator; 4. There is a loss for victim; and 5.There is a casual relationship between act and loss. By looking at perpetrator and loss to victim of corporate crime, based on value of justice, it must be seen from side of default and unlawful acts which are considered as fraud and money laundering in context of civil and bankruptcy and may be punished.